Catalytic combustion synthesis of CNTs/MgO composite powders and the influences on the thermal shock resistance of low-carbon Al2O3–C refractories

Using MgC₂O₄, Mg powders as raw materials and Ni(NO₃)₂?6H₂O as a catalyst, CNTs/MgO composite powders were prepared by a catalytic combustion synthesis method. The CNTs/MgO composite powders were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM/EDS and HRTEM. The effects of catalyst content on the degree of graphitization and aspect ratio of the CNTs in composite powders were investigated. Moreover, the thermal shock resistance of low-carbon Al₂O₃–C refractories after adding the composite powder was investigated. The results indicated that the CNTs prepared with 1 wt% Ni(NO₃)₂?6H₂O addition had a higher degree of graphitization and aspect ratio. In particular, the aspect ratio could reach approximately 200. The growth mechanism of hollow bamboo-like CNTs in the composite powders was proven to be a V-L-S mechanism. The thermal shock resistance of Al₂O₃–C samples could be improved significantly after adding CNTs/MgO composite powders. In particular, compared with CM0, the residual strength ratio of Al₂O₃–C samples with added 2.5 wt% composite powders could be increased 63.9%.     

不同热解工艺下半焦的微观结构特点及其对燃烧性能的影响

摘要：对比研究了3种直立内热炉半焦(熄焦方式分别为水泡熄焦、喷水熄焦及烟气干熄焦)及一种流化床热解半焦的微观结构及燃烧性能。通过对半焦组成、孔隙结构、有机官能团、碳化学结构及半焦微晶结构分析，获得了不同低温热解工艺半焦的组成及微观结构特点，明确了组成及微观结构与燃烧性能之间的关系。结果表明，不同热解工艺半焦的组成和微观结构差异明显，其对半焦的燃烧性能影响显著。干熄焦碳化学结构缺陷比例大，快速热解半焦孔隙结构发0达、挥发分高，与水喷焦相比水泡焦石墨化程度低；水喷焦燃烧性能优于水泡焦，干法所得半焦的燃烧性优于湿法；半焦的挥发分含量决定其燃点，在快升温速率条件下孔隙结构对半焦的燃烧性能影响较大，而慢升温速率条件下有序化度对半焦的燃烧性能影响较大。     

边支承双向板与柱支承双向板的界定条件

建立了考虑板、梁、柱协同工作的楼盖结构三维有限元分析模型;对具有不同梁板刚度比、板区格跨度比的31个现浇混凝土楼盖结构模型进行了弹性有限元分析,同时用弹性薄板理论计算了这些楼盖结构模型中板的内力和挠度;将两种方法的计算结果进行比较,研究了梁、板刚度比变化对板内力和变形的影响。研究结果表明,梁板刚度比变化对板内力和变形有较大的影响;综合比较弯矩和挠度计算结果,提出将αl2/l1≥5作为弹性内力计算时边支承双向板与柱支承双向板的界定条件。     

钙钛矿纳米钛酸锶的络合溶胶-凝胶法制备研究

以硝酸锶、钛酸四丁酯、柠檬酸和乙二醇为原料,采用络合溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸锶纳米粉体,研究了反应条件对成胶以及粉体形貌、晶型、粒径的影响。借助粉末X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)及激光粒度分布仪(SL)对产物进行表征。结果表明,控制pH=4.0~6.0、柠檬酸与金属离子的摩尔比大于1.5、乙二醇与钛酸四丁酯摩尔比为2∶3时,可得到稳定前躯体溶胶,脱水成为凝胶,经900℃煅烧2h可制备出平均粒径为70nm、形貌规则的高纯度钙钛矿型钛酸锶纳米粉体。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备LED用Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2∶Ce3+荧光粉

以硝酸钙、氯化钙、正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备LED用Ca1(0Si2O7)3Cl2:Ce3+荧光粉。探讨了烧结温度,CaCl2的量对基质纯度的影响及Ce3+在此基质中的光谱性质。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法可以得到纯相氯硅酸钙基质,在该基质中掺适量铈可以合成LED用的Ca1(0Si2O7)3Cl2:xCe3+荧光粉,该荧光粉在434 nm处有强发射峰,且最佳掺杂浓度x=0.02。     

冷冲高硬度材料模具的失效分析与选材

用WC-Co型硬质合金和高合金钢以不同的匹配方式制作冷冲模具,对高硬度材料2Cr13不锈钢进行冲裁,发现以高合金钢制作的模具寿命远高于硬质合金制作的模具。其失效方式及所占比例表明,硬质合金主要以掉渣和崩刃为主,而高合金钢以正常磨损为主。分析可知,由于剧烈磨损而引起WC-Co型硬质合金Co的缺失,破坏了WC骨架,最终导致模具局部韧性不足而掉渣;而高合金钢韧性相对较好,延长了使用寿命,但同时由于热加工工艺的不适当导致碳化物不均或硬度不稳定而未充分发挥材料的潜能,对提高高合金钢的使用寿命给出了改进方案。     

白光LED用球形钼酸钙粉体的控制合成及特性(英文)

以去离子水和无水乙醇的混合溶液为溶剂,采用水热法成功合成出白光LED用球形CaMoO4基质粉体,制备了Eu3+、Sm3+、Pr3+掺杂的CaMoO4红色荧光材料。对CaMoO4∶Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm,Pr)荧光粉的物相、微观形貌和发光性能进行表征。结果表明:180℃水热反应24h,水与乙醇体积比为3∶1,pH=7.0时可控制合成出规则球形CaMoO4粉体。CaMoO4∶Eu3+粉体在395nm紫外光和465nm蓝光激发下,最强的红光发射峰位于618nm处,对应于Eu3+的5 D0→7 F2跃迁。CaMoO4∶Sm3+荧光粉激发峰为406和480nm,最强的红光发射峰位于649nm处,对应于Sm3+的4 G5/2→6 H9/2跃迁。CaMoO4∶Pr3+在453nm蓝光激发下,其最强红光发射峰位于655nm处,对应于Pr3+的3 P0→3 F2跃迁。而掺杂作为电荷补偿剂的碱金属Li+,可以有效提高CaMoO4∶Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm,Pr)荧光粉的发射强度。由此可知,CaMoO4∶Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm,Pr)有望成为白光LED用红色荧光粉。     

超高强度马氏体时效钢的研究与应用

介绍马氏体时效钢的种类,分析其强韧化机理,论述了典型的18Ni马氏体时效钢和无钴马氏体时效钢的化学成分和力学特性。系统阐述了循环相变热处理、形变热处理及等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)这3种目前常用的细晶强化方法,并提出了马氏体时效钢的发展趋势及进一步深入研究强韧性和细晶强化的途径。     

Improved properties of low-carbon MgO-C refractories with the addition of multilayer graphene/MgAl2O4 composite powders

The paper investigated the effects of different amounts (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%) of in situ multilayer graphene/MgAl₂O₄ composite powders on the slag resistance, thermal shock resistance, and oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C refractories. Comparing with commercial MgAl₂O₄, the MgAl₂O₄ in in situ multilayer graphene/MgAl₂O₄ composite powders has higher lattice strain of crystal, which can trap more Mn and Fe ions, resulting in the better slag resistance. The oxidation decarbonation layer of MgO-C specimen with 3% composite powders is 9.71 mm, which is lower than not only the specimen with other contents but also specimen containing carbon black/MgAl₂O₄ powders. Moreover, the residual strength ratio of the specimen C/MA-3 was 47.47%, which is 28.5% and 8.08% higher than specimens with no additive and with carbon black/MgAl₂O₄ powders, respectively. Both improving thermal shock and oxidation resistance properties are related with the unique nano structure, multilayer graphene in situ formed between MgAl₂O₄ grains, of added composite powders. The former is due to higher strain energy consumed by multi-deflection of cracks inside the multilayer graphene/MgAl₂O₄ composite powders. And the latter is due to the higher energy of oxidation activation of multilayer graphene/MgAl₂O₄ composite powders due to effective protection of multilayer graphene by MgAl₂O₄.     

陕西某铅锌矿选矿试验研究

研究了采用铅、铜部分混合浮选,铅、锌依次浮选流程分选陕西某铅锌矿,确定了最佳药剂制度。在最佳药剂制度下,获得铜品位24.09%的铜精矿,铅品位68.47%的铅精矿,锌品位55.72%的锌精矿,铜、铅、锌回收率分别为43.22%、31.32%和94.85%。